Chandipura virus (CHPV)
Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging virus belonging to the Rhabdoviridae family, specifically the Vesiculovirus genus. It was first isolated in 1965 during an outbreak in Chandipura village, Maharashtra, India, hence its name. Here are some key points about Chandipura virus:
1. Transmission and Symptoms: The primary mode of transmission of Chandipura virus is through sandflies, specifically the Phlebotomus genus. These sandflies act as vectors, transmitting the virus to humans.
- High fever
- Vomiting
- Altered mental status
- Convulsions
- Diarrhea
- Neurological deficits such as loss of balance or vision changes
2. Geographical Distribution: Initially identified in India, Chandipura virus has been known to cause occasional outbreaks in various parts of India, particularly in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana. It has also been reported in some other countries in Asia.
3. Clinical Presentation: Chandipura virus infection primarily affects children under the age of 15. It typically manifests as acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), characterized by symptoms such as fever, convulsions, disorientation, and coma. The mortality rate can be high, especially among younger children.
4. Pathogenesis: The virus primarily targets the central nervous system (CNS), leading to neurological complications. Severe cases can progress rapidly and may result in death within a few days of symptom onset.
5. Diagnosis: Diagnosis of Chandipura virus infection is usually confirmed through laboratory testing, including reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect viral RNA in clinical samples such as cerebrospinal fluid.
6. Prevention and Control: There is no specific antiviral treatment for Chandipura virus infection. Prevention efforts focus on controlling sandfly populations through insecticide spraying, using bed nets and insect repellents to reduce human-vector contact, and community education about the risks and symptoms of the disease.
Chandipura virus remains a concern due to its potential for causing outbreaks of severe neurological disease, primarily affecting children, in regions where sandfly populations are prevalent. Ongoing surveillance and research are crucial for better understanding its epidemiology and developing effective control measures.
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